The investigators will employ a multifaceted research approach to eventually test management strategies for dealing with a relatively new, non-native (possibly invasive) taxon, the dune plant commonly know as beach vitex (Vitex rotundifolia). There is concern that the plant will out-compete native species, negatively affect dune communities, and may also interfere with sea turtle nesting. In order to guide management efforts, knowledge of its reproductive and dispersal ecology are critical. In South Carolina, little is known about ecological or genetic factors that contribute to the establishment success or potential for exponential spread. Such data could serve as the basis for the development of successful control, eradication and restoration efforts.
The investigators will (1) Describe pollinator visitation patterns in North Carolina and South Carolina, (2) Conduct fieldwork for demographic modeling to assess changes on population dynamics both spatially and temporally, and (3) Assess genetic diversity, track local spread, and evaluate several alternative hypotheses of spread. In the first year, the research team will also monitor sand accumulation and beach erosion sites to determine if Vitex rotundifolia protects dunes from erosion; monitor and establish replicated trials of Vitex rotundifolia eradication methods and restoration efforts with native replacement species; and conduct greenhouse studies to determine the importance of above and below-ground competition between Vitex rotundifolia and local taxa (Uniola paniculata; Panicum amarum, and Iva imbicata). Similar studies will be conducted in the second year, and the focus will become the development of management protocols based on the field research. The investigator will conduct his work in cooperation with the South Carolina Beach Vitex Task Force, a non-profit organization. In addition, the Consortium is joining forces with North Carolina Sea Grant (where beach vitex is also becoming a problem) in a coordinated outreach/education initiative.